Nibbana and Samsara

涅槃与轮回：

A well-known Mahayana Buddhist scholar, Nagarjuna, says that Samsara and Nibbana are one. This interpretation can easily be misunderstood by others. However to state that the concept of Samsara and Nibbana are the same is to say that there is no difference in voidness of component things and the unconditioned state of Nibbana. In accordance with the Pali Tipitaka, Samsara is described as the unbroken continuation of the five aggregates, four elements and twelve bases or sources of mental processes whereas Nibbana is described as the extinction of those relative physical and mental sources.

However, it is admitted that those who gain Nibbanic bliss, can experience it during their existence in Samsara. In any case, after their death, the link with those elements will be eliminated, for the simple reason that Nibbana is unconditioned, not relative or interdependent. If there is to be anything at all after Nibbana, it would have to be 'Absolute Truth'.

根据巴利文三藏圣典：「轮回是说明四大、五蕴、十二处，或心识之源的完整不断的过程，而涅槃只是相对于身心因缘消失而言。」 然而，我们也必须承认，有人能在生死中获得涅槃的喜悦，但是，当它们一旦死亡后，这一切也跟着消失了。这是一个很简单的道理，涅槃已无因缘的存在，既不相对，也不相互依赖。如果说，涅槃之后还有什么？那就是「绝对的真理」。

You must learn to be detached from all worldly things. If there is any attachment to anyone or to anything or if there is any aversion to anyone or anything, you will never attain Nibbana, for Nibbana is beyond all opposites of attachment and aversion, likes and dislikes.

你必须学习远离所有的世间法，假如你执着或厌恶于任何人或事，你将永远无法证悟涅槃，因为涅槃是超越相对的执着或厌恶、喜欢或讨厌。当你获得那最究竟的境界，你就已充分的了解你现在所贪着的对象，你也将体会到所有众生的「苦」、「无常」和「无我」。

When that ultimate state is attained, you will fully understand this worldly life for which you now crave. This world will cease to be an object of your desire. You will realize the sorrow and impermanence and impersonality of all that lives and that does not live. By depending on teachers or holy books without using your own effort in the right manner, it is difficult to gain realization of Nibbana. Your dreams will vanish. No castles will be built in the air. The tempest will be ended. Life's struggles will be over. Nature's process will have ceased. All your worries, miseries, responsibilities, disturbances, burdens, physical and mental ailments and emotions will vanish after attaining this most blissful state of Nibbana.

没有任何一位老师或书本能传授你这种经验。你必须以正确的方法精进和努力，冲破重重困难去理解涅槃。你的梦觉醒了，空中楼阁消失了，骚动中止了，对生命的挣扎已成过去，自然的过程停止了，所有的忧伤、责任、困扰、负担和身心的各种情绪和烦恼都已经消散了，这就是获得涅槃后的喜悦境界。

To say that Nibbana is nothingness simply because one cannot perceive it with the five senses, is as illogical as to say that light does not exist simply because the blind do not see it.

要达到涅槃，也不是一件简单的事，首先必须放弃对五蕴的贪着，贪着于五蕴，将使你蒙蔽，无法认清涅槃的真相。

Nibbana is attainable inthis present life. Buddhism does not state that its ultimate goal could be reached only in life beyond. When Nibbana is realized in this life with the body remaining it is called Sopadisesa Nibbana. When an Arahant attains Pari Nibbana, after the dissolution of the body, without any reminder of physical existence, it is called Anupadisesa Nibbana.

今生就证悟涅槃。这是所有佛教徒最崇高的理想。在今生以肉身所证悟的涅槃，叫做──有余涅槃(Sopadsesa Nibbàna)，阿拉汉肉身还存在时，所证悟的是殊胜涅槃(Par Nibbàna)，当肉身灭寂后，就进入──无余涅槃(Anupadsesa Nibbàna)。